One particular feature of this literature is the actual historical setting, which describes the diverse culture and language environment and its role in creating social difference within zones of colonial contact (cf. Considering the historical scope of his work, his novels are also regarded as a typical example of post-colonial literature in Southeast Asia. In Pramoedya’s interview with GoGwilt about the English translation of the Buru tetralogy, he emphasized the importance of historical settings in his novels, as well as the complex relationship between history and personal life (GoGwilt, 1996). In a statement by the Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation, Pramoedya’s novels “ with superb narratives the historical awakening and modern experience of the Indonesian people” (as quoted in a book entitled Polemik Hadiah Magsaysay, 1997: 212-13). The exceptional quality of Pramoedya’s novels lies in his ability as a narrator to recreate the historical setting for the present audience.

He was also an important figure in Indonesian literature, “an advocate of ‘universal humanitarianism,’ the liberal and individualistic cultural ideology of the loose association of writers, artists, and intellectuals often referred to as the ‘Gelanggang group’ or the ‘Angkatan 45,’ the generation of the revolution” (as cited in Foulcher, 2008: 1). He had received more than a dozen international awards and had been frequently nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature since 1981. He had written more than 50 novels, short stories, essays, social critiques, and histories, the majority of which have been translated into over 36 languages. Pramoedya Ananta Toer (6 February 1925-30 April 2006) was a leading Indonesian author who was internationally renowned for his literary works that dealt with themes of social justice and humanity. 2.1 The Literary Achievements of Pramoedya Ananta Toer Teeuw’s book Citra Manusia Indonesia dalam Karya Sastra: Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1997: 1-55), Schultz and Felter’s article “History, Education, and Nationalism in Pramoedya Toer’s Buru Quartet” (2002), Dwi Elyono’s unpublished thesis of the Australian National University, Harry Aveling and Willem Samuels’ translations of Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s novel Gadis Pantai: A Study of the factors, intents, methods, and effects of literary translation (2006: 34-40), and two journal articles by GoGwilt entitled “Pramoedya’s Fiction and History: An Interview with Indonesian Novelist Pramoedya Ananta Toer” (1996) and “The Vanishing Genre of the Nyai Narrative: Reading Genealogies of English and Indonesian Modernism” (2007).

The history of Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s life and literary accomplishments, as well as the summary of his novel Bumi Manusia, are largely based on A.

Pramoedya ananta toer, his life and his literary achievements Chapter 2: Pramoedya Ananta Toer, his life and his literary accomplishments

House of Glass by Pramoedya Ananta Toer